When representation is not enough: gender biases and gaps in Chilean Academia

Abstract

The article addresses both gender biases and gaps in academia at the global level, with a particular focus on Chile. It argues that, although such biases and gaps have long been discussed in countries of the global North and South, much remains to be done at both national and institutional policy levels. The essay begins by discussing the controversies and challenges regarding gender gaps in different countries. It argues that the gender gap is rooted in unconscious biases and gender stereotypes, which have been well documented in the literature. Indicators of doctoral enrolments, publications and research projects by gender and seniority are analysed at the global, regional (Latin America) and national (Chile) levels, revealing notorious gender gaps. The paper reflects on how certain social movements in the world and in Chile have contributed to small changes in the patriarchal structures that characterize Chilean universities. Finally, it proposes concrete guidelines to address gender gaps in academia at both the national and institutional policy levels.