Aceso universal ao ensino superior: Tendências, barreiras e motivadores
Resumo
Este artigo desenvolve uma análise global sobre o acesso ao ensino superior e como ele evoluiu entre 2000 e 2018, bem como seus fatores impulsionadores e barreiras para seu alcance. Este artigo também aborda a importância da educação superior para o desenvolvimento humano, social e econômico, levando também em consideração uma perspectiva de direitos humanos. Este estudo usa duas abordagens metodológicas. Em primeiro lugar, é feita uma análise quantitativa dos principais indicadores utilizados no monitoramento do ensino superior, desagregados por região, gênero e faixa de renda. Em segundo lugar, é feita uma revisão abrangente da literatura sobre os motivadores e as barreiras ao acesso ao ensino superior. O acesso ao ensino superior aumentou globalmente; no entanto, diferenças marcantes podem ser vistas em nível regional, de gênero e de renda. O desenvolvimento econômico das nações e a ascensão das aspirações da classe média, o crescimento das instituições privadas e a expansão das instituições de educação à distância têm sido os principais contribuintes para esse maior acesso. Pobreza, crises, práticas institucionais de admissão adversas e a localização das instituições representam um desafio contínuo para o acesso universal. Uma combinação de políticas públicas e ações podem ser tomadas pelos governos nacionais e instituições de ensino superior para aumentar ainda mais o acesso, especialmente levando em consideração aqueles que estão sendo deixados para trás.
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