L’accès universel à l’enseignement supérieur: Les tendances, les obstacles et les moteurs
Résumé
Cet article présente une analyse globale sur l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur et son évolution entre 2000 et 2018 ainsi que ses moteurs et obstacles pour sa réussite. L’article aborde aussi l’importance de l’enseignement supérieur pour le développement humain, social et économique, ainsi que la perspective des droits humains. Cette étude utilise deux approches méthodologiques. Premièrement, une analyse de données sur les principaux indicateurs utilisés dans le suivi de l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur, désagrégés par région, genre et groupe de revenu. Deuxièmement, un examen exhaustif de la littérature sur les moteurs et obstacles à l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur. Cet accès a augmenté au niveau global, néanmoins, des différences importantes peuvent être identifiées au niveau de la région, du sexe et du niveau de revenu. Le développement économique des nations et la hausse des aspirations des classes moyennes, la croissance du nombre d’établissements privées et l’expansion des établissements d’enseignement à distance ont été des facteurs importants pour cette augmentation en matière d’accès. La pauvreté, les crises, les systèmes d’admission défavorables et la situation géographique des établissements présentent des défis à l’accès universel. Une combinaison de politiques publiques et d’actions peut être adoptée par les gouvernements nationaux et les établissements d’enseignement supérieur pour continuer à accroître l’accès en accordant une attention particulière aux des populations qui sont laissées pour compte.
Références
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