Universal access to higher education: Trends, barriers and drivers

Daniele Vieira do Nascimento; Takudzwa  Mutize; Jaime Felix Roser Chinchilla

doi:10.54674/ess.v34i1.437

Daniele Vieira do Nascimento Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFP), Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3246-7030
Takudzwa Mutize University of the Free State (UFS), South Africa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-7332
Jaime Felix Roser Chinchilla Instituto Internacional de la UNESCO para la Educación Superior en América Latina y el Caribe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-4087

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54674/ess.v34i1.437

Palabras clave: Educación superior; ODS 4; inclusión; equidad; acceso

Resumen

Este artículo desarrolla un análisis global sobre el acceso a la educación superior y cómo este ha evolucionado entre el 2000 y el 2018, así como sus factores impulsores y las barreras para su consecución. También aborda la importancia de la educación superior para el desarrollo humano, social y económico, así como desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos. Este estudio utiliza dos aproximaciones metodológicas. En primer lugar, un análisis cuantitativo de los principales indicadores utilizados en el monitoreo de la educación superior, desagregados por región, género y grupo de ingresos. En segundo lugar, una revisión completa de la literatura en relación con los factores impulsores y las barreras para el acceso a la educación superior. Este acceso ha aumentado a nivel global; sin embargo, marcadas diferencias se pueden apreciar a nivel regional, de género y de nivel de ingresos. El desarrollo económico de las naciones y el auge de las aspiraciones de clase media, el crecimiento de las instituciones privadas y la expansión de las instituciones de educación a distancia han sido los principales contribuyentes a este aumento del acceso. La pobreza, las crisis, las prácticas institucionales de admisión adversas y la ubicación de las instituciones suponen un desafío continuado para el acceso universal. Una combinación de políticas públicas y acciones puede ser adoptada por los gobiernos nacionales y las instituciones de educación superior para aumentar aún más el acceso, teniendo particularmente en cuenta a quienes se están quedando atrás.

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Acceso universal a la educación superior: Tendencias, barreras y factores impulsores

Resumen

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